Optimizing the NATO 1.5 percent investment commitment for energy security
NATO's 2025 summit in The Hague produced a commitment for member states to invest 5 percent of GDP in defense-related capabilities, including up to 1.5 percent for resilience. The text states that Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 led to direct attacks on Ukraine's physical infrastructure, and that the closure of the Strait of Hormuz and attacks on Baltic subsea infrastructure reinforce the need for resilience spending. It argues that meeting the 1.5 percent mandate across thirty-two member states requires a capability-based framework grounded in Ukraine's defense of its energy system and a system resilient to physical and digital threats.
Why it matters: This matters for energy security because NATO's 1.5 percent resilience commitment could direct long-term investment toward protecting civilian and military energy infrastructure from physical and digital threats.