Geostrategic Daily

Foreign Affairs · 20 October 2026

Empires of AI

China and the United States have assembled empire-like dominions over the large language models, chips, physical infrastructure, and capital that underpin advanced machine cognition, the article argues. It says their control lets them set the terms of future scientific and intellectual progress and makes countries seeking advanced AI beholden to them. The article compares the AI contest to earlier empires and argues the decisive question may be who can bankroll the race rather than who achieves artificial general intelligence first.

Why it matters: The article presents AI as a US-China technology competition in which control of models, chips, and capital, rather than first arrival at artificial general intelligence, determines geoeconomic leverage.

green tech supply chain · great power rivalry

Record

Source
Foreign Affairs (tier 1)
Published
20 October 2026
Link
https://www.foreignaffairs.com/china/empires-artificial-intelligence-ferguson-klaassen-schmidt
Content depth
full
Regions
americas, asia-pacific
Subregions
us, china
Actors
United States, China
Edition
2026-10-21

Grounding

Verbatim spans from the source text that support the summary above.

China and the United States have each assembled something future historians might recognize as a new kind of empire.
By controlling the large language models, chips, physical infrastructure, and capital that provide the foundations for advanced machine cognition
The decisive question in the contest between Beijing and Washington may therefore not be who achieves artificial general intelligence first, but who can bankroll the race.